Archive for the ‘probate’ category

Follow Up To Denver Post Article

June 1st, 2010

My last post, which was an embarrassingly long time ago, passed on an article printed in the Denver Post. That article detailed a review of Denver Probate Court records, an audit of state probate courts, and covered cases of guardianship or conservatorship that had in some way gone wrong.

A Colorado attorney familiar with the Denver Probate Court made the following observations about the post and the Denver Post article:

Sadly, as much as the court tries to do on the matter, there just aren’t enough resources and the public does not support the use of more resources for oversight on these cases. If there were a team of auditors, then that would be fantastic. I hold Judge Stewart in the highest professional regard as a person, attorney, and judge, and think that she’s in an impossible position on this issue. Unfortunately, it is the rogue or non-compliant lay person fiduciaries that usually spoil the entire lot. These newspaper articles that pop up every couple of years detailing the court’s failures don’t tell the entire story, and I think, are much too one-sided.

There have been hiring freezes on and off in the Colorado courts since [2002]. It is a crippling reality that hamstrings the courts, and how the judges can best serve the public. If the issues you discuss are that important to the public and government, then they would find a way to fund oversight through the judicial branch. Again, if there is no public outcry, these types of issues become the status quo. The court staff are expected to take on more and more responsibility without a pay increase, and there is no way that is going to be sustainable.

My original post was focused on the inevitable tightening of report monitoring when this kind of article comes out. But the reader raises a couple of key points with regard to the underlying issues.

The first is that it is ultimately the appointed guardian or conservator who is responsible for protecting his or her ward. As with any other fiduciary, it is up to that individual to discharge the duties of the office in the best interests of the person he or she represents. Court oversight is important to ensure that initial bad selections, however they happen, are screened out. The reality though is that an institutional monitoring system is never going to be responsive enough to stop people in a position of trust who want to steal from those they are supposed to protect. That would require court personnel providing real time monitoring for spending decisions.

But more to the point, the allocation of public resources to the judicial branch from the legislative branch is the ultimate public policy expression of our priorities on this (and any other) topic. While it is fine to want more court oversight of appointed fiduciaries, it is necessary either to provide the funding to accomplish those goals or to sacrifice current services to free up staff time. As Judge Stewart points out in the article, the guardianship tracking database has not been funded and her staff is depleted (and under the hiring freezes likely cannot be replaced.) The State Court Administrator’s office cannot provide meaningful tracking information state-wide because different codes are used in different ways. As the available staff hours decrease and the workload increases or remains the same, the Court is faced with the decision allocating those resources. This decision could realistically translate into whether to provide court services to current litigants or provide monitoring of filed reports.

In this time of fiscal crisis and mandatory balanced budgets, our priority, as expressed through our funding, is not on monitoring systems — or even court personnel. In order to provide more regular reporting in order to catch those abusing the system, those funding priorities will have to change.

Denver Post Article on Guardianship/Conservatorship Oversight

February 24th, 2010

This past Sunday, February 21, the Denver Post ran an article on guardianships and conservatorships. The article, Probate court rife with lapses in training, oversight – Who’s protecting the unprotected?, covers issues that have arisen in the context of protective proceedings (which include both guardianships and conservatorships). The article focuses on issues that have arisen particularly in cases in the Denver Probate Court, and difficulties the Court has in monitoring the guardians and conservators who are supposed to be doing the protecting.

The article goes through many of the issues that the Denver Probate Court has encountered, including budget cuts and reductions in staff. It also talks about some of the initiatives through that court and the state court administrator’s office aimed at improving the tracking and reporting of Colorado protective proceedings.

It’s worth a read. It’s also worth noting that inevitably other courts will pick up on the article and could move reviewing whether or not guardianship and conservatorship reports have been filed in their courts to a higher priority. As detailed in this post there are numerous possible sanctions for failing to file reports on time, including removal and surcharge. So file the reports on time and always let the court supervising your protective proceeding know about an important change – like a change of address or the ward passing away. This will help keep you in the court’s good graces.

Judgment Liens and Joint Tenancy

February 2nd, 2010

Let’s jump right into the topic of judgment liens and how they can thwart your estate planning plans.

In Colorado, once a party to a lawsuit has won a judgment, he or she can convert that into a judgment lien by filing what is called a transcript of judgment with the clerk and recorder in any given county. For a period of six years (or twenty years if the judgment is revived), any property in that county owned or acquired by the person the judgment is against (called the judgment debtor) will automatically have a lien on it to satisfy the judgment.

So let’s say dad has two children and one of them has been down on his luck and has moved back home. Dad may not appreciate the full extent of kid’s bad luck but wants to help him out and gives him a free room. Dad wants to do some estate planning and decides to put both kids on the title to the house with him as joint tenants so that when he passes away the house will automatically pass to them. Later, dad changes his mind and the kids all pass title to the house back to dad.

When dad passes away, probate is opened and the estate needs to sell the house to pay debts. The house is put up for sale and goes under contract. When the title work comes back it shows that a transcript of judgment was recorded in the previous six years while kid was on title. The title company insists that it will not issue the title policy until the judgment is paid off. Since there is not enough equity in the house, and since there is more than one beneficiary, the estate suddenly has a very large and very unexpected problem.

The question of whether or not there is an enforceable lien is a very complicated question. It might involve a lawsuit to quiet title or negotiating with creditors to settle things. What is important to remember is that putting someone else on the title to your property — whether for estate planning or other purposes — can expose that property to their judgments. Even judgments that have happened in the past.